Wednesday, October 30, 2019
Wk 5d2 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words
Wk 5d2 - Essay Example otocols on the wide area network (WAN) routers, then border routers and firewall devices, trailed by routers in data-centers and in last the desktop accessing routers. As most of internet is transitioned to IPv6 the network engineers may require to deploy dual-stack enabled switches on edges earlier. Though it is quite difficult for private networks to transition from IPv4 networks that easy but the growth and evolution of the over the Internet would urge organizations to move towards this transition. If it is than why not right now? IPv6 has its advantages that are making it better than IPv4. But still without the knowledge of technology and proper study it will be a quite difficult task. Things that are causing adoption of IPv6 so long is that it is not commonly not compatible with IPv4 networks. To make this transition possible number of transition technologies with tunneling facility are used to provide cross network compatibility. Two of those facilitating technologies are 6to4 and Teredo. While both of these technologies works in different ways, the simple idea is behind is that they encapsulate packets of IPv6 network inside the packets of IPv4 network. Beside the flow of the traffic the endpoints of the tunnel are required to extract and encapsulate the IPv6
Monday, October 28, 2019
Plato and Aristotle Essay Example for Free
Plato and Aristotle Essay Plato and Aristotle both have been very influential as the ancient Greek philosophers. Aristotle was a student of Plato and there are many similarities between these intellectual giants of the ancient world but there are also many things that distinguish them from each other. Aristotle was far more empirical-minded than Plato. First, Platos philosophy relegated the material, physical world to a sort of metaphysical second class. His contention was that the abstract truths of the mind-mathematical truths, moral and normative truths about ideals-are what really matter in life and in philosophy, and that the empirical world around us consists of merely poor copies of these ideals. By contrast, Aristotle did as much or more work in what we would today call science (physics, biology, etc. ) as in what remains a part of philosophy. While Aristotle certainly did important work in ethics and related areas, he concentrated as much or more on examining the material world. Plato can be read at times as being quite disparaging of science. This is not true of Aristotle. Second, the difference in the approaches and values of these two philosophers resulted in very different political philosophies. Platos political philosophy, which can be found principally in the Republic. For him, the just state is one ruled by ascetic philosophers who have been raised from birth not to value material reward or exclusive human connections, even with their own kin. They are the ideal of wise, objective, fair-minded, ultra-rational beings. In contrast to Platos utopian political philosophy, Aristotles political philosophy, which can be found principally in the Politics, has a large component of descriptive political science. When he does argue for certain political schemes, they tend to be incremental improvements on existing systems. Like his teacher Plato, Aristotles philosophy aims at the universal. Aristotle, however, finds the universal in particular things, which he calls the essence of things, while Plato finds that the universal exists apart from particular things. Aristotle makes philosophy coextensive with reasoning, which he also would describe as science. Note, however, that his use of the term science carries a different meaning than that covered by the term scientific method. For Aristotle, all science is practical, poetical or theoretical. By practical science, he means ethics and politics; by poetical science, he means the study of poetry and the other fine arts; by theoretical science, he means physics, mathematics and metaphysics. In general, Plato is the more extravagant thinker, the thinking outside the box type who was equal parts brilliant and bizarre in his ideas. Aristotle is more the cool, logical, dry, systematic thinker whose works tend to read like encyclopedias.
Saturday, October 26, 2019
Macbeth Essay -- essays research papers
Does the statement "Fair is foul, and foul is fair" thoroughly expresses the many themes of Shakespeareââ¬â¢s ââ¬ËMacbethââ¬â¢? The first time we hear the statement is very early in the play when the witches say the exact line "Fair is foul, and foul is fair" only for Macbeth himself to repeat it very closely two scenes later. This repetition of the lines shows me that the characters themselves believe that there are many foul events taking place. In this essay I will endeavour to prove that the above statement doesnââ¬â¢t express ââ¬ËMacbethââ¬â¢ thoroughly. Firstly I will show the fair Macbeth himself degrading into a foul inhuman monster. Secondly, I will compare the witches to Macbeth to demonstrate the real foulness in these characters. I will then show why I believe that there simply isnââ¬â¢t any fairness existing in ââ¬ËMacbethââ¬â¢. Then I will point out that there are simply too many themes in Shakespeareââ¬â¢s ââ¬ËMacbethââ¬â¢ to be summed up in one line. Macbeth, in the beginning, is a man of valour, honour and nobility. By his loyal traits he helps maintain Scotlandââ¬â¢s stability. Macbeth, on the outside, seems to be the fairest man in all Scotland, however we know better. Under the cloaking shadows of his skin, Macbeth hides his one weakness - that is ambition. His wife knows of his ambition and stirs him to act on it. Macbeth struggles with a choice; should he let the witches prophecies realise themself, or should he take steps to the achieve them. He knows that the latte...
Thursday, October 24, 2019
Jail and Prison Essay
Many people think jail and prison are the same. In the past, I honestly myself thought that the only difference between jail and prison was prison was a bigger building than the building for jail. In fact, there are many differences between prisons and jails. Both are different entities. Here are some of the differences that youââ¬â¢ll want to know about if a member of your family, a close friend, or yourself is facing the prospect of going to jail or to prison. There are about 3,600 jails in the United States. Jails located within the area of a town or city and every city/town has at least one. Most jails are run by sheriffs and/or local governments. People accused under federal, state, county and/or city laws will be held in jail. Jail is build to temporary lock-up people till their court appearance, serve time on local misdemeanor charge, or serve a sentence of less than one year. Any sentence over a year must be served in a prison. A jail was once only holding facility and prisons were reformatories. A prison is a place that inmates people who have been tried and convicted of crimes. A state or federal prison can be very far away from an inmate home. Prison can be located too far from family and friends to visit. There are only about 100 federal prisons, detention centers, and correctional institutions in the United States. The prisons are operated by under the jurisdiction of either Federal Bureau of Prisons (BOP) or state government. Jail plays an important part. Usually people that go to jail commit a local or small crime. Serving time in jail can scare offenders from committing future illegal acts. Jail time can be a big wake up call for many people. First small time offenders can realize they were lucky jail or prison is not a place they would want to be. Committed low offenders are face with consequences by giving probation, community service and sent to detention centers. Today many jails are considered reformatories (also known as correctional centers, state vocational institution, reform schools, houses of refuge, and industrial or training schools) in many parts of the United States. The courts hope to help the minors from committing future illegal acts by taking responsibility for his / her actions. Committed minors are face with consequences by giving them similar punishments as adults. The young adults are face with probation, community service and sent to detention centers. Jails operate work release programs, boot camps, and other services. The jail system tries to address education, substance abuse, and vocational needs while managing inmate behavior. Prisons are best described as Total Institution. In and only in prison, an inmate every aspect in life is controlled. Every detail of a prisoner is prescribed and managed by the prison. The state prison systems run halfway houses, work release centers, and community restitution centers. The programs are given to inmates because the inmates are reaching the end of their long sentences. There are many different types of prisons. Minimum security prisons look very much alike camps or college campuses and only hold about 20% of the inmates in the United States. The prisons usually have one or no fence perimeter. The inmates in minimum security prisons are convicted of non-violent crimes with clean criminal record. The crimes are usually forgery, cheating on taxes, and perjury. The prison also houses prisoners who have served most of their sentence from a higher security facility and improve their behavior. Low security prisons are surrounded by double-fenced perimeters. The inmates have dormitories or cubicle housing. Prisoners are provided with strong work and program components. A medium security prison has more restrictions the daily movements of an inmate. They hold about 45% of United States prisoners and the inmates are convicted of crimes such as assault and thefts. The prison has dormitories instead of cells but does have a razor-wire fence surrounding the area. Inmates are offered a wide variety of work and treatment programs. Maximum security prisons hold prisoners serving longer sentences. Only a quarter of all prisoners in the United States are housed in a maximum security facility.The prison holds about 35% Of Unites States prisoners. The inmates are convicted of crimes such as murder, kidnapping and other felonies. The prison was designed for violent offenders and/or inmates who have escaped (or tried to escape). Some inmates are also place in a maximum security prison because they can cause problems in lower security prisons. While an inmate is in prison, prisoners are to follow the rules set by prison officials. If a prisoner breaks any rules, he/she gets a hearing before the warden. If the warden finds the prisoner guilty of breaking a rule, penalties can be issued. There many of the punishments given to an inmate who break the prison rules. The consequences can be very high depending on what rule the inmate break. An inmate can be sent alone to time in solitary confinement. She/he can have a removal of accumulated ââ¬Å"good behaviorâ⬠time and transfer to a less desirable or paying prison job. Confiscation of items from prisoners can be taken such as TVââ¬â¢s, yard time, be sent to eat alone in your cell, phone calls, visitations from family and friends, and receiving letters. Violent crimes in prison can cause an inmate to be transfer to higher-security prison. When an inmate chooses to participate in violent acts towards a staff member, this may be due to the ââ¬Å"friction pointsâ⬠prevalent throughout the social context and role within the prison system administration (Bottoms, 1999). Before the Truth in Sentencing Law pass, many offenders were only serving a short time in prison than the time they are sentenced to serve by the court. The role of the Truth in Sentencing Act was first enacted in 1984. The law required offenders to serve at least 85% the portion of their prison sentence imposed by the court. Thereââ¬â¢s been a nearly 18 percent drop in reported crime in Arizona since the state began requiring criminals to serve at least 85 percent of their prison sentences, a new study shows (Smith, 2012). The Act would also require any person convicted of a violent crime would have to serve no less than 100% of the sentence by the court. Truth in Sentencing also requires offenders to serve their entire minimum sentence in a prison before being eligible for parole. References Smith, K. (2012). New study says truth-in-sentencing in Arizona has made state safer . Retrieved from http://www.corrections.com/news/article/29977-new-study-says-truth-in-sentencing-in-arizona-has-made-state-safer Bottoms, A.E. (1999). Interpersonal violence and social order in prisons. Crime and Justice, 26, 205-281. The University of Chicago Press. Retrieved June 4, 2009, from http://www.jstor.org/pss/1147687.
Wednesday, October 23, 2019
Blood Brothers Essay
ââ¬Å"Blood Brothersâ⬠is a play about two twins who are separated at birth, they do not only have different parents but have a whole different lifestyle. Eddie lives in a world of luxury and has opportunities to go to university and eventually owning his own business which is more than Mickey could have ever dreamed of. On the other hand Mickey is brought up in a working class family with no qualifications whatsoever, as soon as Mickey thinks he has finally settled down with a job he then finds himself fired and starts turning to crime. Towards the end of the play the differences between Eddie and Mickey begin to show as friction is caused between them. They begin to turn against each other and Linda is stuck in the middle as she has feelings for both Eddie and Mickey, this is when the question is raised asking whether Linda and Eddie have been having an affair. This is then what sends Mickey off the rails and ends up being the cause of the Johnstone twinââ¬â¢s death as Mickey shot Eddie in a rage of anger over Linda. Tension is caused at the end of the play when Mrs Johnstone tells Mickey and Eddie that they are brothers as the audience already knew this they just wanted to know when and how this would be revealed to the twins. Willy Russell wrote Blood Brothers to show how life was in Liverpool in 1980s and how being in a different class separated people. He also refers to the recession and how so many people lost their jobs and the only way for them to earn a living was to turn to crime like Mickey did as he needed money to support Linda and his child, Sammy did not help the situation as he was the one who had persuaded Mickey to earn money in that way. The end of the story is revealed to the audience by the narrator at the very beginning of the play. This builds up tension because people know what is going to happen so they are waiting to find out how it happened and what led up to that scene. Another thing that adds tension to the play is how the narrator keeps on referring back to the devil ââ¬Å"the devils got your number, yââ¬â¢know heââ¬â¢s gonna find yââ¬â¢. Yââ¬â¢know heââ¬â¢s right behind y.â⬠Towards the end of the play the narrator says how close the devil is getting, the devil being the devil inside Mickey when he shoots Eddie down. Mrs Johnstone sings a song about the price that she has to pay ââ¬Å"Living on the never, never, constant as the changing weather never sure whoââ¬â¢s at the door or the price Iââ¬â¢ll have to payâ⬠This song says that Mrs Johnstone has a price to pay, this could mean that she has to give up her baby in return for the money that Mrs Lyons gave her but the audience know that the price that she will have to pay is the guilt that she will suffer and that both her twins die. The constant weather indicates her life has been up and down like itââ¬â¢s raining when she is sad and sunny when she is happy and that everything changes as fast as the weather. Secondly when she says that she is ââ¬Å"living on the never, never, Constant as the changing weather never sure whoââ¬â¢s at the doorâ⬠this could refer to the people who came to knock on her door to take away her possessions and that living on the never, never could mean that she knows that nothing that she has will stay with her forever. Another thing that indicates this is that when she says ââ¬Å"Itââ¬â¢s alright lad â⬠¦ weââ¬â¢re used to it we were in the middle id our tea one night when they came for that table.â⬠This means that she has had her belonging possessed before and because of this she doesnââ¬â¢t really mind when it happens again because it has happened so many times before. Willy Russell has made the audience sympathize with Mrs Johnstone because she has been through a lot in her life. At the beginning of the play she tells us how she got to be in that position in that moment in time. Mrs Johnstone describes her marriage and says ââ¬Å"that I was six weeks overdueâ⬠which makes the audience feel sorry for her. It also describes the place of marriage which was at the registry office. ââ¬Å"We got married at the registry and had a doâ⬠. This suggests to us the audience that the wedding was nothing too fancy, not too expensive and that the marriage was sudden and unexpected. She got married because she was expecting a baby, in difficult, circumstances to get married in. Soon after the wedding Mrs Johnstone wanted to go out and enjoy herself like she had done before but her husband wouldnââ¬â¢t take her anywhere because he became very conscious of her appearance and felt embarrassed to be seen with her. This is evident due to the fact that sh e gained weight and now perceived herself to be ââ¬Å"twice the size of Marilyn Monroeâ⬠. The audience feels sympathetic towards her because she has seven children and low self esteem. This is shown by the fact that she describes herself to look like she is forty two instead of twenty five. This shows the physical strain that Mrs. Johnston has gone through. I understand why she gave her baby away to Mrs Lyons because Mrs Lyons emotionally manipulated Mrs Johnston in this terrible time she is going through. Mrs Lyons attempts to make Mrs Johnstone think positively by saying that ââ¬Å"if heââ¬â¢s with me youââ¬â¢ll still be able to see him each day as you come to workâ⬠Mrs Lyons presents Mrs Johnstone with the idea that her son would have a much better life with herself ââ¬Å"if he grew up here as our sonâ⬠¦ he could have everythingâ⬠. However this is why she may have done this for the benefit of the baby because she felt that Mrs Lyons could provide for him much better than she ever could and she just wanted him to have a better life. The purpose of the narrator is to explain some of the key action on stage. The narrator also involves the audience by asking them directly, to judge what they see. He reveals that the brothers die at the very start of the play and from then on he constantly reminds the audience of the twinââ¬â¢s fate. He presents the themes of fate, destiny and superstition throughout the play, but at the end he asks the audience to consider if it was social class rather than fate that caused the tragedy. In the play the narrator constantly reminds Mrs Johnstone and Mrs Lyons about the devil ââ¬Å"Yââ¬â¢know the devils got your number, yââ¬â¢know heââ¬â¢s gonna find yââ¬â¢, yââ¬â¢know heââ¬â¢s right behind yââ¬â¢, heââ¬â¢s starin through your windows and heââ¬â¢s creeping down the hall.â⬠This makes the audience realise that when the narrator refers to the devil he means the devil that is going to cause the death of the twins at the end of the play this makes the audience anxious as to when this is all going to happen. In this play Mickey, Eddie, Linda, and Sammy play all sorts of games, I think that the games that they play influence them when they are older for example they play with pretend guns and Sammy says ââ¬Å"It only fires caps. Iââ¬â¢m gonna get a real gun soon, Iââ¬â¢m gonna get an air gunâ⬠This later becomes true as Sammy does get a real gun which is then used to kill someone; both Mickey and Sammy were arrested for this. The arrest is also relevant as the children used to play cops and robbers. ââ¬Å"Come on Eddie, you can have a shot at our target in the park.â⬠This is relevant because Mickey and Eddie practised shooting and in the end Mickey shoots Eddie so the shooting practise came in handy. I think the strongest child was Linda because she stuck up for Mickey no matter what; she stuck up for him when he was getting told of by the teachers and she was able to have the courage to lie to a police officer. Superstition is a big theme in the play and Mrs Johnstone is shown to be superstitious right at the beginning of the play. ââ¬Å"New shoes on the table. Take them offâ⬠¦Ã¢â¬ .The new shoes on the table could result in the birth of the twins. ââ¬Å"Plural, Mrs Johnstone, mouths to feed, youââ¬â¢re expecting twins.â⬠The narrator uses superstition during the play to imply the loss of money or precious things. ââ¬Å"Anââ¬â¢ a spiderââ¬â¢s been killed.â⬠A main part in the play is when Mrs Lyons uses Mrs Johnstonââ¬â¢s superstitions to stop her from telling Eddie and Mickey that they actually brothers ââ¬Å"They say that if either twin learns that he once was a pair, they shall both immediately die.â⬠As Mrs Johnstone is very superstitious she believed every word Mrs Lyons says to her. This superstition later becomes true, as at the end of the play the only reason why the gun got fired was because Mrs Johnstone told the boys that they were actually br others as she thought that it would stop Mickey from shooing Eddie but in the end although it may have been an accident Mickey still fired the gun either over anger or rage over Linda or pure shock to find out that he was a twin. The narrator finishes his speech with the idea of superstitions and whether they are the cause of the traumatic story line and ending. ââ¬Å"And do we blame superstition for what came to pass.â⬠The first sign of tension is when he kids grow up and Sammy causes trouble on the bus as he gets a knife out and starts threatening the conductor to give the bag with all of the fair money in just because he wouldnââ¬â¢t give Sammy a ticket ââ¬Å"Fuck off, now move, you move! Give me the bagâ⬠This creates tension because nobody has ever seen that side of Sammy before and even Mickey gets scared and tries to stop him from getting into to deeper trouble ââ¬Å"Sammy, Sammy!â⬠The repetition means that Mickey is really worried and wants to get Sammyââ¬â¢s attention. When both Sammy and Mickey are both fired tension is created when Sammy asks Mickey to help him out with a job, Sammy then produces a gun and says they will go and hold someone up for some money. Mickey is reluctant at first, but wants to be able to buy Linda something nice, and agrees to stand guard. The audience want Mickey to be able to say no to Sammy because they know that it probably wonââ¬â¢t end well, because they know that Mickey wants to be able to provide for Linda and his child but he wonââ¬â¢t be able to do that behind bars. Meanwhile all this is happening at exactly the same time Edward meets up with Linda, proclaiming his love for her. She explains she has always loved him in a way, but she is now married to Mickey, and very much in love. Willy Russell shows them talking at the same time so the audience can compare what both Linda and Mickey are saying, Mickey gave into temptation and was willing to help Sammy with a job for money whilst Linda had Eddie declaring his love for her but Linda was strong enough to say no because she couldnââ¬â¢t do that to Mickey. At the beginning of the play Mickey and Eddie had a very strong friendship and cared and looked out for each other, when one was sad the other asked why and wanted to help ââ¬Å"Mickey whatââ¬â¢s wrong?â⬠Eddie saw that Mickey was upset so he wanted to know if there was anything he could do to help. ââ¬Å"I Thought we were blood brothersâ⬠this shows that they were once very close and being blood brothers meant that they always stuck together. As the play went on and the kids grew up into adults the relationship between Mickey and Eddie had changed. Before they were best friends, which had then changed into a university kid and an unemployed man who had nothing to say to each other. When Eddie announced that he had everything he had ever wanted and offered to give Mickey money, Mickeyââ¬â¢s jealousy got the better of him ââ¬Å"You, youââ¬â¢re a dickheadâ⬠. This indicates that Mickey is angry at Eddie because he has everything including all the money in the world whilst Mickey had no job, no money and hated the thought that his old best friend had everything he didnââ¬â¢t have. Right at the start of the play everyone saw how close Mickey and Linda were but when Mickey was in jail it not only changed him, but it changed his mental health as he became attached to drugs and became insane and mad. ââ¬Å"He said about, about me nerves, an how I get depresses an, I need to take these cos they make me better.â⬠But when Mickey did use these drugs it might have made him feel better but it put a strain on his and Lindaââ¬â¢s relationship as they argued all the time which then resulted to Linda turning to Eddie for comfort and supposedly romance. Willy Russell uses ellipses to show pauses or that t he character is being hesitant in sentences to create tension and also to make the reader hang on to the speakers words and waiting for the next instalment. In the final moments of the feel tense as Mickey is running round the town with a gun searching for Eddie and everyone is wondering if he actually will shoot his brother or if he will just threaten him. The confrontation between Eddie and Mickey is very dramatic as Mickey is shouting out the odds and Eddie is denying everything. Then the police come in demanding that Mickey puts down the gun down then when he starts to realise what he is doing he begins to lower the gun, then when Mrs Johnstone comes and announces that they are twin brothers ââ¬Å"Mickey donââ¬â¢t shoot Eddie, heââ¬â¢s your brother, I couldnââ¬â¢t afford to keep both of you. His mother couldnââ¬â¢t have kids so I agreed to give one of you away.â⬠Mickey despairs that he was not the one given away, because then he could have had the life given to Eddie. Mickey, distraught, gestures carelessly with the gun towards Eddie. This sad story ends when the police misinterpret this action and gun Mickey down as he accidentally shoots Eddie, killing him. I think Blood Brothers the musical is a fantastic play, I especially love the way that each song has a meaning and the emotions of the characters in the lyrics. But I thought the end was good as you would have never thought that Mickey would kill Eddie. How the play was set for the narrator to have told the end of the story and the beginning of the play created more and more tension as the play went. I liked the fact that Willy Russell was influenced by Liverpool in 1983, only some of the characters had a Liverpool accent these were Mickey, Sammy, Linda, and Mrs Johnstone these were all the people in lower class and the ones who didnââ¬â¢t have an accent were Eddie, Mrs Lyons and Mr Lyons as they were very well spoken and in upper class. I learnt how social class can get in the way of you want to be friends with because their parents might not approve of you. I think the play might still have a relevance for a modern day audience as some people still rely on their class to get things, for example if Mrs Lyons wasnââ¬â¢t in upper class then Mrs Johnstone would have been able to stand up to her because she wouldnââ¬â¢t have thought that she was so high up. This can make modern day audiences change their mind and know that the times have changed so they can be friends with whoever they want to be. Another thing that the audience would see is how Mrs Lyons gave Mrs Johnstone money for her baby and that still happens today, so they can see that if someone does give their baby away to someone for money then it might not always end in happiness.
Tuesday, October 22, 2019
Treatment of Intangible Assets in Billabong
Treatment of Intangible Assets in Billabong This section of the report is aimed at discussing the treatment of intangible assets in Billabong International Limited. In particular, it is necessary to determine if this treatment complies with the existing Australian accounting standards. Overall, this enterprise recognizes three types of non-monetary and non-physical assets, namely goodwill, brands, and computer software (Billabong, 2011 p 66).Advertising We will write a custom report sample on Treatment of Intangible Assets in Billabong specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More They are directly related to profit generation. However, one can single out some other intangible assets such as marketing rights, copyrights, patents, customer lists and so forth (Deegan, 2009). They are not quite applicable to this company, but they are of great importance to many modern businesses. On the whole, it is possible to say that the management of Billabong accurately identified each of its non-physica l and non-monetary assets. In this respect, their financial reporting practices are quite appropriate. The company treats these intangible assets in different ways. For instance, they do not amortize goodwill because it has an indefinite life. This means that one cannot determine when their commercial reputation, customer connections, or brand image will stop to bring revenues for the organization. Such practice is quite consistent with Australian as well as International Financial Reporting Standards. This company allocates goodwill to cash-generating units in order to test impairment. It should be noted that they compare the fair value of a unit with its carrying or book value. Again, such methodology is compatible with the standards accounting adopted in Australia (Deegan, 2009). Similarly, Billabong does not calculate the amortization of brands since their economic life can also be indefinite. It should be noted that this enterprise determines the recoverable amounts of cash-gen eration units or CGUs on the basis of value-in-use calculations (Billabong, 2011 p 78). Such calculations require the forecasts of the companyââ¬â¢s future financial performance. This method of impairment testing fully conforms to Australian accounting standards (Australian Accounting Standard Board, 2009, p 76). Yet, one needs to take into account that the companyââ¬â¢s evaluation of intangible assets, especially brands, relies on sales forecasts. Thus, one has to determine the accuracy of these forecasts. According to their financial reports, they are based on previous experience, market trends, GDP growth or inflation (Billabong, 2011 p 90). Nevertheless, one requires more specific information to assess the feasibility of their forecasts. The only intangible asset that Billabong does amortize is computer software; its amortization period ranges from 3 to 5 years depending on their contractual life. This practice is compatible with the requirements set by Accounting Standard Board (AASB, 2009 b, p 35). At this point, one has to note that there are two distinct terms such as contractual life and useful life.Advertising Looking for report on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The first notion can be defined as the period during which the company intends to utilize an asset whereas the second one can be explained as the period when an asset (computer software) is able to generate profit. Useful life can be much shorter than contractual life. Thus, these two notions are not interchangeable. This is why AASB recommends the companies to calculate amortization of the basis of useful rather than contractual life of an asset (AASB, 2009, p 36). In this case, Billabong does not deviate from Australia accounting standards; more likely, they need to specify the duration of amortization period. The thing is that this slightly inaccurate formulation can be confusing to potential inv estors. Another important issue to discuss is the recognition of expenses that are related to intangible assets. One can say that Billabong adopts different approaches to this task. For instance, the company capitalizes the costs related to the acquisition of software (Billabong, 2011 p 66). This approach fully conforms to Australian and International Accounting Standards (IASB 2011, AASB, 2009). One should bear in mind that such method is appropriate only if the company purchases licensed software from third-party contractors. Provided that, the organization independently works on the development of software solutions, its expenditures must be expensed as they occur (IASB, 2011, unpaged). Billabong capitalizes these expenses because such reduction minimizes their negative effect on profitability and overall financial performance of the enterprise. In turn, the costs that the organization occurs in order to develop or enhance their brands are expensed immediately. It should be noted that the costs of internally-developed brands can capitalized only if the company is able to demonstrate their economic feasibility (Benedict, 2001, p 209; IASB, 2011, unpaged). In other words, the organization must demonstrate that the revenues generated by the intangible asset such as brand will fully cover the expenses. As a rule, it is impossible to do if the brand is unknown. Overall, it is possible to say that financial reporting practices adopted by Billabong International Limited do not violate the existing Australian or international standards. This organization provides a complete and accurate representation of its intangible assets such as brands, goodwill, or computer software. It seems that they recognize each of their intangible assets and accurately describe their financial impacts. Their treatment of these assets appears to be quite satisfactory.Advertising We will write a custom report sample on Treatment of Intangible Assets in Billabong specifically for y ou for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More References Australian Accounting Standard Board. (2009) ââ¬Å"AASB 136: Impairment of Assetsâ⬠. Web. Australian Accounting Standard Board. (2009 b). ââ¬Å"AASB 138: Intangible Assetsâ⬠. Web. Benedict A. 2001 Practical accounting. London: Pearson Education. Billabong International Limited. (2011). Preliminary Financial Report. Web. Deegan Craig. (2009). Australian Financial Accounting. Melbourne: McGraw-Hill Australia. The International Accounting Standard Board. (2011) ââ¬Å"IAS 38 INTANGIBLE ASSETSâ⬠. Web.
Monday, October 21, 2019
Motivating Employees Essay
Motivating Employees Essay Motivating Employees Essay Motivating Employees Today many forms of motivation are used in the work place to get employees to be motivated in doing their tasks at work. When talking about motivating employees you are talking about intrinsic and extrinsic motivation. Each one of these forms of motivation works in its own way to get the employee to accomplish whatever task that needs to be done. Intrinsic motivation is defined as the form of motivation that comes from within a person and not from money or any other form of reward. Someone that is intrinsic motivated will do something because they love doing whatever the task is and want to finish the task. Although someone is intrinsic motivated, understand that by no means that it means that the individual would not seek out what is considered an external reward such as money, prizes, or a payment of some sort. A good example of someone who is intrinsic motivated would be a parent. The reason why I say this, is because a parent accomplishes many tasks without expecting to be thanked or receiving an external reward. Extrinsic motivation is defined as the form of motivation that does come from an outside source such as money, prizes, or rewards. There are many forms of external rewards and they can be very simple to very extreme. Once again though this does not mean that an individual who is pushed by an external reward does not love what they are doing. I have to use myself as an example. I do my job as a night counselor because I enjoy getting a
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